Food Plot Program Goals
The goal for a food plot program should be to provide year-round nutrition. There are many planting options, but a good rule of thumb is to plant 60% of your food plot acreage in cool-season perennials (clover mixes), 20% in cool-season annuals (brassicas), and 20% in warm-season annuals (corn, soybeans, etc.). You can alter these percentages as necessary based on your location.
Most deer food plots are established with cool season plants that attempt to manage deer distribution or help deer through the winter stress period. There is, however, another season of the year that white-tailed deer may be nutritionally stressed. Late summer is a time when native warm season plants mature and decline in quality.
This is a time when does are lactating, fawns are growing and being weaned, and bucks are developing antlers. All of these biological functions require a quality diet that only comes from actively growing plants. There might be situations when the summer stress period is more critical than the winter stress period.
The need to establish warm season or cool season food plots should be carefully evaluated. Many variables need to be considered. Goals, estimated deer numbers and other wildlife populations, types and relative abundance of native plants important to wildlife on your property, costs of establishing food plots, annual and seasonal rainfall, soil type, adaptation of plants to your area are important to know before planting food plots.